EU & partners
Who belongs to the EU and the euro, who wants to join, and which trade agreements the EU has, with status, date and source.
27member statesmost recent: Croatia 2013
451m inhabitantsEU27 · World Bank 2025
10candidate countries6 of them negotiating
21euro countriesmost recent: Bulgaria 2026
48agreements in force11 of them provisional
9under negotiationEU trade agreements
| Country | Status | Candidate since | Status (chapters) | Next step |
|---|
| Montenegro | under negotiation | 17 Dec 2010 | 33 of 33 chapters opened, 21 closed | 4 Nov 2026 |
| Albania | under negotiation | Jun 2014 | 33 of 33 chapters opened, 4 closed | 4 Nov 2026 |
| Moldova | under negotiation | 23 Jun 2022 | 24 of 33 chapters opened, 0 closed | Dec 2026 |
| Ukraine | under negotiation | 23 Jun 2022 | 24 of 33 chapters opened, 0 closed | Dec 2026 |
| Serbia | negotiating, partly blocked | 1 Mar 2012 | 22 of 33 chapters opened, 2 closed | – |
| North Macedonia | negotiating, partly blocked | 16 Dec 2005 | 0 of 33 chapters opened, 0 closed | – |
| Bosnia & Herzegovina | candidate, no negotiations yet | 15 Dec 2022 | no chapters opened yet | – |
| Türkiye | frozen | Dec 1999 | 16 of 33 chapters opened, 1 closed | – |
| Georgia | frozen | 14 Dec 2023 | no chapters opened yet | 4 Nov 2026 |
| Kosovo | potential candidate | – | no chapters opened yet | – |
closedopened, not yet closednot yet openedPoint at a bar for the counts
27 member states, most recent accession: Croatia 2013. Population and economic output per country on the enlargement page.
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Euro countries with year of adoption (21)
Austria 1999Belgium 1999Finland 1999France 1999Germany 1999Ireland 1999Italy 1999Luxembourg 1999Netherlands 1999Portugal 1999Spain 1999Greece 2001Slovenia 2007Cyprus 2008Malta 2008Slovakia 2009Estonia 2011Latvia 2014Lithuania 2015Croatia 2023Bulgaria 2026
EU states without the euro
| Country | Status | Criteria met (2025) |
|---|
| Czechia | obliged to adopt | 4 / 5 |
| Denmark | opt-out, in ERM II | 5 / 5 |
| Hungary | obliged to adopt | 0 / 5 |
| Poland | obliged to adopt | 1 / 5 |
| Romania | obliged to adopt | 1 / 5 |
| Sweden | obliged to adopt | 4 / 5 |
Euro outside the EU
StatesAndorra by agreement with the EUMonaco by agreement with the EUSan Marino by agreement with the EUVatican City by agreement with the EUMontenegro unilaterally, without agreementKosovo unilaterally, without agreement
TerritoriesSaint Barthélemy by agreement with the EUSaint Pierre and Miquelon by agreement with the EUFrench Southern and Antarctic Lands territory outside the EUClipperton Island territory outside the EUAkrotiri and Dhekelia (British bases on Cyprus) territory outside the EU
Currencies with a fixed rate to the euro
| Currency | Rate | Country |
|---|
| CFA franc of the BCEAO (XOF) | 1 € = 655.957 | Benin · Burkina Faso · Côte d’Ivoire · Guinea-Bissau · Mali · Niger · Senegal · Togo |
| CFA franc of the BEAC (XAF) | 1 € = 655.957 | Cameroon · Central African Republic · Republic of the Congo · Gabon · Equatorial Guinea · Chad |
| Comorian franc (KMF) | 1 € = 491.968 | Comoros |
| CFP franc (XPF) | 1 € = 119.33 | French Polynesia · New Caledonia · Wallis and Futuna |
| Convertible mark (BAM) | 1 € = 1.95583 | Bosnia & Herzegovina |
| Cape Verdean escudo (CVE) | 1 € = 110.265 | Cape Verde |
| Dobra (STN) | 1 € = 24.5 | São Tomé and Príncipe |
| Danish krone (DKK), ERM II ±2.25% | 1 € = 7.46038 | Denmark |
Own currencies with a fixed rate. The peg is maintained by the respective central banks (for the CFA, Comorian and CFP francs with a guarantee from the French Treasury), not by the euro area; Denmark participates in ERM II.
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