EU states without the euro: convergence criteria 2025
| Country | Inflation % (Reference ≤ 2.6) | Budget balance, % of GDP (≥ −3) | Public debt, % of GDP (≤ 60) | Long-term interest rate % (Reference ≤ 5.3) | ERM II |
|---|
| Czechia | 2.3 | -2.2 | 44.2 | 4.29 | no |
| Denmark | 1.8 | 2.9 | 27.2 | 2.33 | yes |
| Hungary | 4.4 | -4.7 | 74.4 | 6.94 | no |
| Poland | 3.3 | -7.2 | 59.6 | 5.52 | no |
| Romania | 6.8 | -7.8 | 58.9 | 6.96 | no |
| Sweden | 2.6 | -1.6 | 35.1 | 2.45 | no |
Reference values approximated as in the convergence report (inflation: average of the three EU states with the lowest inflation, Cyprus, France, Italy, plus 1.5 points; interest rate: their average plus 2 points), but using annual averages and without an outlier check. The ECB and Commission convergence reports are authoritative. ECB Convergence Reports
Denmark: Opt-out since the Maastricht Treaty; participates in the exchange rate mechanism ERM II
Eurostat: prc_hicp_aind · gov_10dd_edpt1 · irt_lt_mcby_a · retrieved 25 Oct 2026
Countries using the euro
| Country | since | Population (m) |
|---|
| Austria | 1999 | 9.2 |
| Belgium | 1999 | 11.9 |
| Finland | 1999 | 5.6 |
| France | 1999 | 68.7 |
| Germany | 1999 | 83.5 |
| Ireland | 1999 | 5.5 |
| Italy | 1999 | 58.9 |
| Luxembourg | 1999 | 0.7 |
| Netherlands | 1999 | 18.1 |
| Portugal | 1999 | 10.8 |
| Spain | 1999 | 49.4 |
| Greece | 2001 | 10.4 |
| Slovenia | 2007 | 2.1 |
| Cyprus | 2008 | 1.4 |
| Malta | 2008 | 0.6 |
| Slovakia | 2009 | 5.4 |
| Estonia | 2011 | 1.4 |
| Latvia | 2014 | 1.8 |
| Lithuania | 2015 | 2.9 |
| Croatia | 2023 | 3.9 |
| Bulgaria | 2026 | 6.4 |
Euro outside the EU
StatesAndorra by agreement with the EUMonaco by agreement with the EUSan Marino by agreement with the EUVatican City by agreement with the EUMontenegro unilaterally, without agreementKosovo unilaterally, without agreement
TerritoriesSaint Barthélemy by agreement with the EUSaint Pierre and Miquelon by agreement with the EUFrench Southern and Antarctic Lands territory outside the EUClipperton Island territory outside the EUAkrotiri and Dhekelia (British bases on Cyprus) territory outside the EU
Currencies with a fixed rate to the euro
| Currency | Rate | Country |
|---|
| CFA franc of the BCEAO (XOF) | 1 € = 655.957 | Benin · Burkina Faso · Côte d’Ivoire · Guinea-Bissau · Mali · Niger · Senegal · Togo |
| CFA franc of the BEAC (XAF) | 1 € = 655.957 | Cameroon · Central African Republic · Republic of the Congo · Gabon · Equatorial Guinea · Chad |
| Comorian franc (KMF) | 1 € = 491.968 | Comoros |
| CFP franc (XPF) | 1 € = 119.33 | French Polynesia · New Caledonia · Wallis and Futuna |
| Convertible mark (BAM) | 1 € = 1.95583 | Bosnia & Herzegovina |
| Cape Verdean escudo (CVE) | 1 € = 110.265 | Cape Verde |
| Dobra (STN) | 1 € = 24.5 | São Tomé and Príncipe |
| Danish krone (DKK), ERM II ±2.25% | 1 € = 7.46038 | Denmark |
Own currencies with a fixed rate. The peg is maintained by the respective central banks (for the CFA, Comorian and CFP francs with a guarantee from the French Treasury), not by the euro area; Denmark participates in ERM II.
Sources: EZB: Bulgarien führt den Euro ein (01.01.2026) · Europäische Union: EU-Länder · Europäische Kommission: Der Euro ausserhalb des Euroraums · Banque de France: Les coopérations monétaires Afrique-France (CFA-Franc, Komoren-Franc) · IEOM: Rapport d'activité 2023 (CFP-Franc) · Zentralbank von Bosnien und Herzegowina (Konvertible Mark) · Wikipedia: Euro (Gebiete ausserhalb der EU, Kap Verde, São Tomé; Sekundärquelle)